Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection has become an important treatment modality for neurological disorders of the larynx. It is particularly effective in treating laryngeal dystonia (formerly known as spasmodic dysphonia). The efficacy of BoNT injection depends on accurate intramusc...
Background and Objectives Twenty-four-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (24-h MII-pH) monitoring is considered the gold standard for diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), but limited accessibility and patient discomfort hinder clinical application. This study eval...
Tracheal agenesis is a rare type of congenital anomaly accompanied with a complete or partial absence of the trachea. This condition is usually fatal due to respiratory distress shortly after birth. We present a case of Floyd type II tracheal agenesis with a tracheoesophageal fi...
