Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is a central tool in neurolaryngology for evaluating the pathophysiology and prognosis of laryngeal movement disorders by directly recording intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity. Building on the neurolaryngology framework and recent international...
The mid-sound (vowels) chapter of Hunminjeongeum Haeryebon identifies three main letters— ‘•(heaven), ㅡ (earth), and ㅣ (human)’—as the foundation for all vowels, with their forms originating from pictographic principles. The document employs specific phonetic expres...
Background and Objectives Voice changes after thyroidectomy have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, yet age-related differences remain insufficiently clarified. This study aimed to compare postoperative voice changes between younger and older adults without lary...
